{"id":20584,"date":"2017-11-20T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-11-20T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forigo.it\/non-categorizzato\/precision-agriculture-what-it-is-and-how-it-can-be-done"},"modified":"2024-11-06T11:53:52","modified_gmt":"2024-11-06T11:53:52","slug":"precision-agriculture-what-it-is-and-how-it-can-be-done","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forigo.it\/en\/news\/precision-agriculture-what-it-is-and-how-it-can-be-done","title":{"rendered":"Precision Agriculture: what it is and how it can be done"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_75 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forigo.it\/en\/news\/precision-agriculture-what-it-is-and-how-it-can-be-done\/#Variable_rate\" >Variable rate<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forigo.it\/en\/news\/precision-agriculture-what-it-is-and-how-it-can-be-done\/#Precision_agriculture_without_location_referencing\" >Precision agriculture without location referencing<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forigo.it\/en\/news\/precision-agriculture-what-it-is-and-how-it-can-be-done\/#Precision_georefenced_agriculture\" >Precision georefenced agriculture<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forigo.it\/en\/news\/precision-agriculture-what-it-is-and-how-it-can-be-done\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">What is <strong>Precision Agriculture<\/strong>? What are its <strong>main objectives<\/strong>? What kind of <strong>benefits <\/strong>are provided? How can it be done? In this article you will find the answers to these questions and many more. Have a nice read!<!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the field it is very common that the production is not <strong>homogeneous<\/strong>, that is there are zones where the production is higher and less productive ones.&nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: transparent;\">This inconsistence in the production may depend on <\/span><strong style=\"background-color: transparent;\">various causes<\/strong><span style=\"background-color: transparent;\">, even by an incorrect application of the fertilizer or a bad seeding process.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Anyway, often this <strong>variability <\/strong>is caused by some kind of <strong>natural <\/strong>elements: for example, a different composition of the soil; the presence of slopes, where water is stagnant, or more compacted zones with less porosity.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Be capable of understanding <strong>what <\/strong>generates this variability and then finding out the <strong>ways to solve it<\/strong>, when possible, or <strong>to adapt the production <\/strong>in order to reduce the wastes are the tasks of the <strong>Precision Agriculture (PA)<\/strong>, also called <strong>Precision Farming (PF)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The variability is not present in the space only (<em>here <\/em>is different from <em>there<\/em>) but also in time (<em>Today <\/em>is different form <em>Yesterday<\/em>). <strong>To manage the variability <\/strong>means that the productive process, once gathered the information, is applied in a <strong>diversified <\/strong>manner. For example, where production has been lower, we could increase the fertilization for a better growth of the crops, or vice versa, reduce it in zones where the soil has inner characteristics which cannot be changed (ex. <strong>soil texture<\/strong>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">To do this, is necessary having proper <strong>techniques and technologies<\/strong>, to identify inhomogeneity first, and after, to apply cultural solutions to the field. Obviously, the utilization of agricultural facilities (soil preparation, fertilization, treatments, seeding, etc.) will be always done according to the type of crop, chemical-physical properties of the soil, climate and weather.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The PA can use different <strong>strategies and technologies <\/strong>which may operate in a georeferenced manner. The <strong>location referencing <\/strong>is a technique, well known by most of the people, which allows to keep informed about the exact position of the machine (the precision degree depends on the referencing system) during the work thanks to the connection between a receiver and <strong>satellite-devices. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">It is useful to precise that the Precision Agriculture can be used also in <strong>higher difficulty steps<\/strong>: driving assistance, variability management, tracking, expert system development; all these <strong>steps <\/strong>may contribute to a <strong>better <\/strong>agricultural production <strong>efficiency <\/strong>and a <strong>reduction of environmental impact<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Variable_rate\"><\/span>Variable rate<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">To manage the variability of the crop environment, means to apply the inputs (chemical, mechanical and biological) in a <strong>diversified and consequent <\/strong>manner.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The methods to face the <strong>variable distribution <\/strong>(or variable rate) are mainly two: the one set on <strong>maps <\/strong>and the other one which uses the <strong>sensors<\/strong>. Both systems comply to the Precision Agriculture philosophy, even though they are very different from each other.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>The variable rate based on sensors<\/strong>, uses devices which can determine in real time all the relevant data (chemical-physical characteristics of the soil, crop vigor, absence\/presence of weeds\/plants, etc.) to be utilized <strong><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn2.hubspot.net\/hubfs\/2588329\/Agricoltura-precisione-0-Soing.jpg\" alt=\"Agricoltura-precisione-0-Soing.jpg\" width=\"328\" style=\"width: 328px; margin: 5px 13px 0px 0px; float: left;\"><\/strong>as indicators to manage the operations. This method <strong>doesn\u2019t <\/strong>require a satellite-receiver.<\/p>\n<p> <strong>On the other hand, the variable rate based on maps <\/strong>adapts the distribution quantity to the field characteristics present in the system\u2019s <strong>prescription maps<\/strong>. This method requires a machine <strong>localization system <\/strong>in the field which can communicate the amount of product to be distributed in that point.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the side picture we could observe an <strong>instrument <\/strong>capable of a <strong>magnetic scan of the soil<\/strong>, useful to identify <strong>homogeneous areas <\/strong>(for soil characteristics). This information combined with <strong>soil texture <\/strong>is often required to build prescription maps.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This system allows to previously decide the <strong>work intensity <\/strong>or the <strong>quantity of product to distribute <\/strong>and, in the <strong>range of time <\/strong>between the maps analysis and application, <strong>improve the treatment accuracy <\/strong>in some cases. In other circumstances it could be a <strong>constraint<\/strong>, for example for applications where the characteristics keep changing (nitrate content, soil humidity, etc.) Therefore, the application maps are sometimes formed by a limited number of points, meanwhile the sensor can (or could) gather all the space variability<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">However, today a few field sizes can be explored by the sensor with <strong>reliability<\/strong>. Therefore, in the distribution based on sensors, is not present a <strong>direct human action<\/strong>, so it\u2019s possible to discover the distribution effect only after it. On the other hand, this application method requires less investments of both <strong>money <\/strong>and <strong>time<\/strong>, because complex systems are <strong>not <\/strong>necessary as for build up the prescription maps.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><div class='elementor-element elementor-element-4b5588c acenter button-mobile elementor-widget__width-initial has-animated-bg elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-button pulsante-old-articoli' data-id='4b5588c' data-element_type='widget' data-widget_type='wgl-button.default'>\r\n                        <div class='elementor-widget-container'>\r\n                            <a class='wgl-button btn-size-xl ' role='button' href='#form-articolo'>\r\n                                <div class='button__content '>\r\n                                    <span class='button__text'>Contact us!<\/span>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/a>\t\t\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Precision_agriculture_without_location_referencing\"><\/span>Precision agriculture without location referencing<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Let\u2019s examine some Precision Agriculture <strong>technologies <\/strong>which cannot operate without georeferentiation, in other words, which operates as the principles above but without the use of <strong>satellite-receivers<\/strong>. Sometimes are used by the farmer in an <strong>unconscious manner<\/strong>, so he\u2019s unaware of using the Precision Farming. Some examples could clarify how these technologies work and where they are used.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the beds preparation for horticultural purposes it is very important that the soil doesn\u2019t present slopes where the water can stagnate, or in the case of baby leaves and more in general Ready \u2013 to- Eat Products, allows an <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn2.hubspot.net\/hubfs\/2588329\/Agricoltura-precisione-1-Forigo.png\" alt=\"Agricoltura-precisione-1-Forigo.png\" width=\"268\" style=\"width: 268px; margin: 0px 10px 0px 0px; float: left;\"><span><\/span>easier harvesting process.&nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: transparent;\">To obtain this result is not sufficient a well-organized field; it is necessary by the way that the machine has to be set to work <\/span><strong style=\"background-color: transparent;\">constantly and homogeneously<\/strong><span style=\"background-color: transparent;\">. The application of a sensor capable of <\/span><strong style=\"background-color: transparent;\">read the distance from the ground <\/strong><span style=\"background-color: transparent;\">and a series of <\/span><strong style=\"background-color: transparent;\">actuators <\/strong><span style=\"background-color: transparent;\">which can adjust the position of the bed former in relation to the soil, permit to obtain perfectly horizontal beds. In this picture we can see an example of <\/span><strong style=\"background-color: transparent;\">electric device <\/strong><span style=\"background-color: transparent;\">used for measuring the distance from the ground, which allows to <\/span><strong style=\"background-color: transparent;\">adjust the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.forigo.it\/en\/bed-formers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bed former<\/a> set-up<\/strong><span style=\"background-color: transparent;\">, obtaining a perfect flat and horizontal seeding bed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn2.hubspot.net\/hubfs\/2588329\/Agricoltura-precisione-2-sensore-NDVI.jpeg\" alt=\"Agricoltura-precisione-2-sensore-NDVI.jpeg\" width=\"225\" style=\"width: 225px; margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; float: right;\">The <strong>NDVI sensors <\/strong>(<em>Normalized Difference Vegetation Index<\/em>), allow to evaluate in real time the photosynthesis capacity, so the <strong>crop vigor<\/strong>.&nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: transparent;\">The use of these sensors in the cover-up nitrogen fertilizing phase, permits to modify the distributed amount according to the crop vigor degree. Obviously, the machine which operates the treatment (liquid in general, but not necessary) must be equipped with devices that allow to modify in <\/span><strong style=\"background-color: transparent;\">real-time <\/strong><span style=\"background-color: transparent;\">the distributed dosage. This is the typical distribution with variable rate executed on the <\/span><strong style=\"background-color: transparent;\">measurement on the field<\/strong><span style=\"background-color: transparent;\">, by the sensor, and not on prescription maps.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A third example is the application of <strong>optical system<\/strong>, regulated to recognize the <strong>weeds<\/strong>, mounted on the machines which can mechanically or with the distribution of herbicide, eliminate those weeds. The work intensity, the distributed dosage, the limited distribution <strong>only where needed<\/strong>, are examples of a <strong>variable application <\/strong>of the production factors, done by the measurements and data collection in the field, here processed in real-time. If these information are <strong>memorized <\/strong>and <strong>georeferenced, <\/strong>they could also be processed into <strong>maps<\/strong>, compared to other measurements in order to get information to plan the <strong>most effective agronomic strategies <\/strong>for the next crops. So, georeferentiation offers larger application possibilities.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Precision_georefenced_agriculture\"><\/span>Precision georefenced agriculture<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The application of sensors on harvesters capable of geolocalized recording, <strong>quantity<\/strong>, <strong>humidity <\/strong>and many others <strong>quality parameters <\/strong>of the product, allows to measure the product variation and to determine the quality and sanitary aspects of the products.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn2.hubspot.net\/hubfs\/2588329\/Agricoltura-precisione-3-mappa-produzione.jpg\" alt=\"Agricoltura-precisione-3-mappa-produzione.jpg\" width=\"320\" style=\"width: 320px; margin: 0px 10px 0px 0px; float: left;\">A next process, nowadays automatically done by normal devices, permits to visualize on map the obtained results, just because that particular information has been collected through <strong>location referecing<\/strong>. This type of systems\u2019 capacity is, in fact, to manage all the data within the <strong>referential coordinates, <\/strong>so those can be attributed anytime to the occupied place in the field.<\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"text-align: justify; background-color: transparent;\">The production map is a fundamental instrument for the Precision Agriculture; thanks to it, it is possible to understand in which measure the <\/span><strong style=\"text-align: justify; background-color: transparent;\">variability <\/strong><span style=\"text-align: justify; background-color: transparent;\">manifests itself. The production map though, doesn\u2019t inform about the causes of the variability, which is the <\/span><strong style=\"text-align: justify; background-color: transparent;\">essential <\/strong><span style=\"text-align: justify; background-color: transparent;\">information in order to find out a remedy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">It necessary to collect all the information, always structured in maps, which could explain why <strong>some field sectors <\/strong>were more productive than others. There are in fact programs which allow to overlap <strong>different information <\/strong>but related to the same area; in this way it\u2019s easier to understand their <strong>relations <\/strong>in the examined area.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">With all these information (represented in maps), on the basis of our agronomic knowledge, we can assume a basic strategy related to <strong>intensity <\/strong>and <strong>quantity<\/strong>, applied to different operations. Decided this passage, a map (which can be virtual as well) will be realized which will manage the machine during the operation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The maps may be represented in <strong>various forms <\/strong>and formed on the basis of <strong>different information<\/strong>, which analysis allows to create a <strong>prescription map<\/strong>, with the proper elements.<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn2.hubspot.net\/hubfs\/2588329\/Agricoltura-precisione-4-mappa.jpeg\" alt=\"Agricoltura-precisione-4-mappa.jpeg\" width=\"320\" style=\"width: 320px; margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; float: right;\"><\/p>\n<p> The implementation of the <strong>production maps<\/strong>, integrated with other information (for example those regarding the soil composition, types of jobs done, soil vigor, etc.) guides to a <strong>complete and full <\/strong>application of the Precision Agriculture. In fact, after a few years will be possible to dispose of a georeferenced <strong>representation <\/strong>of the <strong>production variability <\/strong>and the effects of the adopted strategies.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Precision Agriculture<\/strong>, as explained, has as target, to increase the crops\u2019 <strong>productivity reducing <\/strong>the performance differences in the production area, and can it can be implemented through <strong>different ways<\/strong>. It\u2019 s a very particular topic, which interests the entire <strong>agricultural sector<\/strong>, in order to find out even more <strong>precise <\/strong>and <strong>reliable <\/strong>methods to recognize the variability.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">We hope this article has been helpful and <strong>informative <\/strong>regarding this topic. If you have other questions or you would like to know how the <strong>Forigo <\/strong>team is involved in this solution, don\u2019t hesitate to contact us! We will be glad to answer your questions.<\/p>\n<div class='elementor-element elementor-element-4b5588c acenter button-mobile elementor-widget__width-initial has-animated-bg elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-button pulsante-old-articoli' data-id='4b5588c' data-element_type='widget' data-widget_type='wgl-button.default'>\r\n                        <div class='elementor-widget-container'>\r\n                            <a class='wgl-button btn-size-xl ' role='button' href='#form-articolo'>\r\n                                <div class='button__content '>\r\n                                    <span class='button__text'>Contact us!<\/span>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/a>\t\t\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is Precision Agriculture? What are its main objectives? What kind of benefits are provided? How can it be done? In this article you will find the answers to these questions and many more. Have a nice read!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19295,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[408],"tags":[410],"class_list":["post-20584","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-old-articoli"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Precision Agriculture: what it is and how it can be done - Forigo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What&#039;s Precision Agriculture? What are its main objectives? What benefits are provided? 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