{"id":20577,"date":"2017-12-05T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-12-05T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forigo.it\/non-categorizzato\/soil-fatigue-discover-causes-and-experts-remedies"},"modified":"2024-11-07T17:35:27","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T17:35:27","slug":"soil-fatigue-discover-causes-and-experts-remedies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forigo.it\/en\/news\/soil-fatigue-discover-causes-and-experts-remedies","title":{"rendered":"Soil Fatigue: Discover Causes and Expert\u2019s Remedies"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_75 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forigo.it\/en\/news\/soil-fatigue-discover-causes-and-experts-remedies\/#The_soil\" >The soil<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forigo.it\/en\/news\/soil-fatigue-discover-causes-and-experts-remedies\/#Soil_fatigue_preventing_is_better_than_healing\" >Soil fatigue: preventing is better than healing<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forigo.it\/en\/news\/soil-fatigue-discover-causes-and-experts-remedies\/#How_to_remedy\" >How to remedy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forigo.it\/en\/news\/soil-fatigue-discover-causes-and-experts-remedies\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">It happens in <strong>agricultural fields <\/strong>as well in <strong>gardens<\/strong>: gradually, year after year, the <strong>production decreases<\/strong>, even though the cultivation technique remains the same. This is the typical effect called by the agronomists \u201c<strong>soil fatigue<\/strong>\u201d, that is a <strong>field fertility loss <\/strong>done by unidentified causes. Let\u2019s see which are the causes of this phenomenon and how to solve it.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Soil fatigue <\/strong>is a pretty common phenomenon, but is not always spotted, mainly because the production decrease is not so huge to worry the farmer.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Its <strong>causes <\/strong>may be different, but basically the main ones can be considered <strong>three<\/strong>: reduction of nutrients; presence of root exudates in the soil; extraordinary presence of parasites and pathogens which cannot be seen by eye.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In contemporary agriculture, where is present a high level of <strong>fertilizers<\/strong>, it is difficult to ascribe the soil fatigue to the lack of some <strong>macro-element.\u00a0<\/strong>It\u2019s more common, but rare anyway, that can be detected an insufficient availability of one or more <strong>micro-elements<\/strong>. In this case, the plant manifests symptoms which permit to recognize the nutritive scarcity and to find out a remedy. Because is simple to intervene with the fertilizers (micro and <img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 325px; float: left; margin: 0px 10px 0px 0px;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn2.hubspot.net\/hubfs\/2588329\/soil-fatigue-allelopathic-substance.jpg\" alt=\"soil-fatigue-allelopathic-substance\" width=\"325\" height=\"427\" \/><span><\/span>macro-elements) in presence of <strong>crops vigor <\/strong>reduction, the expert suggests this type of procedure, which unfortunately rarely presents a good result.<\/p>\n<p>The plants\u2019 roots construct a deep and complex relationship with the soil. For example, they release substance to aid helpful microorganisms\u2019 development; they also produce substances which can impede the development of roots of similar or equal plants types\/families. These substances, called <strong>allelopathic<\/strong>, have, sometimes, a slow degradation, and may also persist in the soil for a long period of time. Some cultivated species are more efficient: between the horticultural crops, pepper, potato, and more in general all the Solanaceae; between the fruit-production, apple tree, walnut tree and more in general stone fruits; among the weeds, the <em>Cyperus<\/em>, sorghum and wheatgrass; amidst extensive and legumes crops even though in a lower measure compared to the other species.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The third cause can be reconducted to the massive presence of one or more crops <strong>pathogens <\/strong>and <strong>parasites<\/strong>. The phenomenon may be imputed to a gradation (fast increase) of these organisms, due to a reiteration of the <strong>same crop <\/strong>on the same field, without respecting the proper year range before restarting the cultivation. This is a true fact, especially for crops like tomato, potato, sugar beet, tobacco etc.; in other words, for those crops which include a large number of specific and non-specific parasites.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_soil\"><\/span>The soil<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Often though, the <strong>soil fatigue <\/strong>strongly manifests only in presence of impaired soil agronomical conditions. Let\u2019s see why.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The <strong>chemical-physical degeneration <\/strong>of the soil is caused by a loss of <strong>porosity <\/strong>and by a huge reduction of <strong>organic matter<\/strong>. Especially on loamy and clayey soil, the trampling effects are detrimental because mechanically reduce the soil porosity. Less gas exchanges between the soil and the atmosphere, frequent water stagnation, even worse the drought phenomes, all of these instances lead to soil acidification and the alteration of normal biological cycles. The farmer usually deals with these problems by a more intense field preparation, generating a negative <strong>cause-effect spiral <\/strong>in the long period.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In fact, when the plow is used as main instrument for soil preparation, <strong>excessive soil oxygenation <\/strong>happens, causing on one hand soil asphyxia phenoms reduction (positive), but on the other hand leads to <strong>humus oxidation <\/strong>and <strong>living biomass reduction <\/strong>in the soil (negative). The reduction of organic matter presence, provokes an acceleration of the soil impoverishment.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Few organic matter, reduced microbiological activity, total loss of natural soil structure and frequent intensive procedures for soil porosity restoration, represent the ideal conditions for <strong>pathogens <\/strong>and <strong>parasites species <\/strong>gradation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">To this as to be added the reduction of soil capacity of keeping and exchanging the nutrients with the <strong>water <\/strong>which circulates in the soil (circulating solution) and, when the soil <strong>pH variation <\/strong>happens, also the chemical alteration of the soil, causing problems as well for nutrients availability.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The terrain well handled, within the first 20-40cm is full of life: other than a macro-fauna represented especially by <strong>earthworms <\/strong>(Darwin considered the earthworm as the most helpful organism to mankind and ecosystem to <img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 450px; float: right; margin: 5px 0px 5px 15px;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn2.hubspot.net\/hubfs\/2588329\/soil-fatigue-lombrico.jpg\" alt=\"soil-fatigue-lombrico\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\" \/>which dedicated a great part of his researches) and various arthropods, there are also nematodes, mites, fungus and bacteria. These species may be helpful by creating direct relations and <strong>benefits <\/strong>with the crops roots, apparently indifferent, but also in the worst case, harmful or potentially harmful for crops. When the soil is full of species, the natural competition holds up some\u2019s development. This phenomenon is called <strong>ecological homeostasis <\/strong>and is one of the mechanisms which through every ecosystem impedes that one particular species prevails numerically on others, thus preventing also its domain on the surrounding environment. So, when the soil is full of biodiversity is more difficult that a certain <strong>parasite <\/strong>may develop in huge measure and it\u2019s also difficult to keep its presence for a lot of years if that particular crop is not present.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A soil which is microbiologically active, is also capable of <strong>decompose <\/strong>more quickly the allelopathic substances emitted by the plants and turn them ineffective.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 700px; display: block; margin: 0px auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn2.hubspot.net\/hubfs\/2588329\/soil-fatigue-soil-food-web.jpg\" alt=\"soil-fatigue-soil-food-web\" width=\"700\" height=\"497\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the agricultural field, keeping a high level of <strong>biodiversity <\/strong>and augmenting the content of organic matter is possible only by using particular management techniques whose reduce the soil disturb, augment the availability of vegetable material on the field, guarantee soil cover, help to maintain a balanced soil porosity, limit chemical-mineral fertilization only where is strictly necessary, according to crop needs.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A difficult path which imposes a <strong>critical revision <\/strong>of the cultural processes management and which can be facilitated by the introduction of techniques derived from <a href=\"\/en\/news\/precision-agriculture-what-it-is-and-how-it-can-be-done\">precision agriculture<\/a> and conservative agriculture.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Soil_fatigue_preventing_is_better_than_healing\"><\/span>Soil fatigue: preventing is better than healing<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In order to prevent the soil fatigue is necessary to understand the indications provided by the modern agronomy which can be reassumed in this way:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Crop rotation with different <strong>botanic families\u2019 <\/strong>integration;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"2\">\n<li>To distance in proper manner those crops which are more vulnerable to pest bruises;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"3\">\n<li>To insert cereals between straw and\/or corn in the crop rotation process (crops which produce a large quantity of <strong>residues<\/strong>);<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"4\">\n<li>To abandon the use of <strong>stubble burning technique <\/strong>(forbidden) leaving on the field the cultural residues produced by cereals instead;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"5\">\n<li>To seed other <strong>manure crops <\/strong>or cover-crops;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"6\">\n<li>To fertilize in a balanced way and, when possible, have recourse to <strong>organic fertilizing<\/strong>;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"7\">\n<li>To avoid the <strong>soil compaction <\/strong>by equipping agricultural vehicles with proper moving organs (treads, low pressure tires and twin wheels);<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"8\">\n<li>To adopt soil preparation techniques which can reduce soil <strong>disturb<\/strong>, by choosing implements with disks and tines instead of the mouldboard, that is replacing the plow in favour of implements with straight tines and proper <strong>implements for soil decompaction<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the horticultural world is not easy to respect all these indications without the disposal of various fields.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><div class='elementor-element elementor-element-4b5588c acenter button-mobile elementor-widget__width-initial has-animated-bg elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-button pulsante-old-articoli' data-id='4b5588c' data-element_type='widget' data-widget_type='wgl-button.default'>\r\n                        <div class='elementor-widget-container'>\r\n                            <a class='wgl-button btn-size-xl ' role='button' href='#form-articolo'>\r\n                                <div class='button__content '>\r\n                                    <span class='button__text'>Contact us!<\/span>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/a>\t\t\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_to_remedy\"><\/span>How to remedy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In case of <strong>soil fatigue <\/strong>phenomenon, it\u2019s important to spot the <strong>causes <\/strong>at its origin. The expert, as the doctor, will start to investigate about the previous techniques adopted (history), will examine plants roots and their collar to find out possible pathogens (nematodes? Fungus?&#8230;) and finally, will check the upper part of the plant (outside the soil) to verify potential specific symptoms. Thereafter will issue a therapy, but in these cases the remedies are always \u201cpainful\u201d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 365px; margin: 0px 15px 0px 0px; float: left;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn2.hubspot.net\/hubfs\/2588329\/soil-fatigue-cover-crop-trifoglio.jpg\" alt=\"soil-fatigue-cover-crop-trifoglio\" width=\"365\" height=\"261\" \/>The first inevitable step will be the <strong>suspension <\/strong>of that (or those) particular crop, which demonstrated deeply influenced by the soil fatigue. The soil by the way should not rest. On the contrary, the <strong>best remedy <\/strong>is cultivating appropriate crops.<br \/>\nCover-crops as well as <strong>manure crops <\/strong>are very helpful but they have to be selected with accuracy. In fact, in case of biological cause (nematodes, fungus, bacteria\u2026) crop species should not be able to host parasites. It would be even better if the plants could <strong>combat <\/strong>these parasites, just like Brassicaceae manure crops which act in a rather positive way against parasites.<br \/>\nMore in general, for some soil <strong>fatigue causes <\/strong>it\u2019s possible to adopt inexpensive <strong>biological war strategies<\/strong>, for other cause is not possible.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">If the crop cannot be suspended, the use of <strong>chemical treatments <\/strong>for the soil is unavoidable; usually are used liquid products or solid ones with <strong>fumigant action<\/strong>. The use of this products, which release isothiocyanates in the soil, are subjected to <strong>mandatory provisions <\/strong>by the European Community.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In this case, the use of implements able to distribute these products according to proper doses and methods, is essential because of the high costs of the treatment, also for <strong>preventing environment damages <\/strong>and respecting European rules.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 365px; float: right; margin: 0px 0px 0px 15px;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn2.hubspot.net\/hubfs\/2588329\/soil-fatigue-mix-tiller.jpg\" alt=\"soil-fatigue-mix-tiller\" width=\"365\" height=\"274\" \/><span><\/span>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.forigo.it\/en\/sterilizers\">Mix Tiller<\/a> is still today the only implement capable of manage and distribute these products complying totally\u00a0with the European rules, and valorizing their effects in the soil.<\/p>\n<p>We still have to focus on the <strong>prevention <\/strong>by the way. Both the cures, biological or chemical, don\u2019t produce long lasting effects, but they have to be accompanied by a revision of production process management. A smart <strong>crops rotation <\/strong>is still the most effective method to avoid and remedy to this phenomenon.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In this article we explained what is the <strong>soil fatigue <\/strong>phenomenon, which are its causes, how to <strong>prevent <\/strong>its appearance and, in the end, how to <strong>remedy<\/strong>. As anticipated, is not always clear when this problem appears, because the <strong>production variations <\/strong>may be at minimum level.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">We suggest to execute all the possible precautions to prevent it and make <strong>periodical controls <\/strong>of the soil estate, in order to spot its eventual presence and find a remedy.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In case of more doubts or need of further information about the <strong>remedies <\/strong>to this phenomenon, don\u2019t hesitate to <a href=\"\/en\/contact-us\">contact us<\/a>. Our team of experts <strong>Forigo <\/strong>will be glad to supply you with all the information you requested.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><div class='elementor-element elementor-element-4b5588c acenter button-mobile elementor-widget__width-initial has-animated-bg elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-button pulsante-old-articoli' data-id='4b5588c' data-element_type='widget' data-widget_type='wgl-button.default'>\r\n                        <div class='elementor-widget-container'>\r\n                            <a class='wgl-button btn-size-xl ' role='button' href='#form-articolo'>\r\n                                <div class='button__content '>\r\n                                    <span class='button__text'>Contact us!<\/span>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/a>\t\t\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It happens in agricultural fields as well in gardens: gradually, year after year, the production decreases, even though the cultivation technique remains the same. This is the typical effect called by the agronomists \u201csoil fatigue\u201d, that is a field fertility loss done by unidentified causes. Let\u2019s see which are the causes of this phenomenon and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20578,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[408],"tags":[410],"class_list":["post-20577","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-old-articoli"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Soil Fatigue: Discover Causes and Expert\u2019s Remedies - Forigo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Has your production decreased even if the cultivation techniques have remained the same? It could be soil fatigue. 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