{"id":20449,"date":"2021-04-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-04-01T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forigo.it\/non-categorizzato\/soil-organic-substance-why-is-it-so-important"},"modified":"2024-11-06T12:17:54","modified_gmt":"2024-11-06T12:17:54","slug":"soil-organic-substance-why-is-it-so-important","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forigo.it\/en\/news\/soil-organic-substance-why-is-it-so-important","title":{"rendered":"Soil Organic Substance: why is it so important?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_75 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forigo.it\/en\/news\/soil-organic-substance-why-is-it-so-important\/#The_importance_of_organic_substance_in_the_soil\" >The importance of organic substance in the soil<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forigo.it\/en\/news\/soil-organic-substance-why-is-it-so-important\/#Organic_Substance_of_the_soil_what_is_it\" >Organic Substance of the soil: what is it?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forigo.it\/en\/news\/soil-organic-substance-why-is-it-so-important\/#Humification_process\" >Humification process<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forigo.it\/en\/news\/soil-organic-substance-why-is-it-so-important\/#Organic_substance_and_soils_chemical-physical_properties\" >Organic substance and soil\u2019s chemical-physical properties<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forigo.it\/en\/news\/soil-organic-substance-why-is-it-so-important\/#Isohumic_K1_and_mineralization_K2_coefficient\" >Isohumic (K1) and mineralization (K2) coefficient<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forigo.it\/en\/news\/soil-organic-substance-why-is-it-so-important\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The <strong>organic substance in the soil<\/strong> represents the biggest <strong>Carbon<\/strong> (C) reserve on Earth. In literature we can see different amounts, whom are estimated on the total quantity of carbon: such values are between 1.000-2.000 billion tons of organic carbon in the <strong>soil<\/strong>, in relation to 700-800 billion tons of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2<\/sub>) in the <strong>atmosphere<\/strong> and to 500-600 tons in <strong>vegetable biomass<\/strong>. Due to the continuously growing industrialization, the natural balance is getting more and more lost, with a consequent increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Soil organic substance therefore plays an <strong>essential part<\/strong>: let\u2019s discover it in this article!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/f.hubspotusercontent20.net\/hubfs\/2588329\/SostanzaOrganica---copertina(ENG).png\" alt=\"Soil Organic Substance\" width=\"800\" style=\"width: 800px; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_importance_of_organic_substance_in_the_soil\"><\/span>The importance of organic substance in the soil<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The <strong>organic substance<\/strong>, besides being important as stream of nutrients for agricultural crops and plants in general, it plays a crucial role as <strong>Carbon reserve<\/strong>. Such role became relevant just recently, as consequence of the more and more high levels of <strong>carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere<\/strong> and <strong>the rise of temperatures<\/strong>, which caught the attention of mass media and started a campaign of CO<sub>2 <\/sub>reduction. The increased human activities and heavy usage of fuel and deforestation led to a <strong>decrease of both vegetable biomass and organic substance of the soil<\/strong> with resulting <strong>increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Is not a coincidence that during the next <strong>PAC 2023-2027<\/strong> &#8211; which will start on the January 1<sup>st<\/sup> 2023 and will last 5 years &#8211; the farmers which will apply sustainable agricultural techniques aiming to the CO<sub>2 <\/sub>reduction in the atmosphere will reach \u201c<strong>hectares prizes<\/strong>\u201d named \u201cgreen certificates\u201d, also known as \u201cCarbon Seizure\u201d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The importance of organic substance is not limited to the <strong>soil structure and its microbic life<\/strong>, but represents also a basic source of N<strong>itrogen nutrient <\/strong>for agricultural crops. Furthermore, we must mark the importance for the environment of organic substance safeguard, in order to <strong>fight the problems associated to erosion<\/strong> and <strong>desertification<\/strong> of agricultural fields.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Organic_Substance_of_the_soil_what_is_it\"><\/span>Organic Substance of the soil: what is it?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/f.hubspotusercontent20.net\/hubfs\/2588329\/SostanzaOrganicaB.png\" alt=\"Soil \" width=\"300\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width: 300px; float: left; margin: 5px 15px 0px 0px;\">Considering its huge importance, it\u2019s crucial to know <strong>what organic substance is<\/strong>, how does it arrive to the soil and how does it change, but most important is the acknowledge of the <strong>key factors of mineralization processes<\/strong> of organic Nitrogen and its availability as nutrient for agricultural crops. The organic substance <strong>content<\/strong> in agricultural fields varies from <strong>minus 1%<\/strong> in sandy soils, to intermediate values as <strong>1 and 3 %<\/strong> in agricultural fields, up to <strong>over 7-8% <\/strong>in forests and <strong>over 80-90%<\/strong> in peat.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Organic substance of the soil<\/strong> is formed by molecules of <strong>Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Hydrogen<\/strong> and in a lower quantity by molecules of <strong>Phosphorous, Potassium, Sulphur, Ferrous<\/strong>, etc. There are 2 main sectors which it can be divided into: the \u201c<em>unstable<\/em>\u201d sector is formed by basic organic compost such as sugar, peptides, enzymatic proteins and nucleic acids, which can be present freely in the soil; the \u201c<em>stable<\/em>\u201d one is composed by <em>humus. <\/em><strong>Humus<\/strong> is the <strong>high-value component<\/strong> of the organic substance which can improve the physical, structural, chemical and biochemical characteristics of the soil. Furthermore, it carries out nutritional <strong>functions<\/strong>, and it plays also an active role in some important functions of the soil, related to microbic activities, etc.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 20px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">What is humus? What\u2019s its function?<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Humus is a <strong>polymeric compost<\/strong>, with an inconstant composition depending on the genesis, with huge molecular weight, featuring colloidal characteristics which are very degradation-resistant, with ration C\/N \u2248 10 (\u2248 50% C and 5% N). During the humification process of the organic substance, quantities of <strong>Carbon<\/strong> are lost with consequent concentration of <strong>Nitrogen<\/strong> (N).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Humus (also known as \u201c<em>humic substances<\/em>\u201d) <strong>improves soil\u2019s structure<\/strong>, making it less fragile in case of heavy rain and more resistant to trampling caused by the agricultural operations. Furthermore, it <strong>increases soil\u2019s capacity of light and heat caught<\/strong> thanks to its dark color, <strong>constituting also a long-term stream of food<\/strong> for microorganisms, <strong>affecting their growth and reproduction activities<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">But that\u2019s not all: humus can <strong>\u201clink\u201d some nutrient elements<\/strong> such as Ferrous and other cation, whose are extremely important for the plants\u2019 growth, giving them back to the plants when needed. Furthermore, it increases the <strong>cation exchange capacity<\/strong> (or C.S.C.).<\/p>\n<div class='elementor-element elementor-element-4b5588c acenter button-mobile elementor-widget__width-initial has-animated-bg elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-button pulsante-old-articoli' data-id='4b5588c' data-element_type='widget' data-widget_type='wgl-button.default'>\r\n                        <div class='elementor-widget-container'>\r\n                            <a class='wgl-button btn-size-xl ' role='button' href='#form-articolo'>\r\n                                <div class='button__content '>\r\n                                    <span class='button__text'>Contact us!<\/span>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/a>\t\t\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Humification_process\"><\/span>Humification process<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/f.hubspotusercontent20.net\/hubfs\/2588329\/SostanzaOrganicaA.png\" alt=\"Earthworms in soil\" width=\"300\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width: 300px; float: right; margin: 5px 0px 0px 15px;\">Bacteria and microorganisms of the soil, grow and multiply quickly when organic substance is added in the soil, thanks to the <span style=\"color: #cc0201;\"><strong><u>green manure<\/u><\/strong><\/span> <strong>technique<\/strong> or crop residues, manure, organic fertilizers, etc. They <strong>rapidly decompose<\/strong> the organic components when they are simple, such as sugar, amino acids and high-quality proteins. On the contrary, the <strong>degradation will be slow<\/strong> in case of complex components like cellulose, lignin, chitin, ecc. <strong>Earthworms<\/strong> ensure the right mix of organic residues in the soil, bringing the organic substance in contact with microorganisms. <strong>Soil bugs<\/strong> on the other hand, together with arthropod, perform functions of <strong>crumbling<\/strong> and <strong>harrowing<\/strong> of organic residues, allowing to soil\u2019s microorganisms to get all the parts of organic residues.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Organic_substance_and_soils_chemical-physical_properties\"><\/span>Organic substance and soil\u2019s chemical-physical properties<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Organic substance in the soil affects directly <strong>plants\u2019 growth<\/strong>, thanks to its influence on soil\u2019s physical, chemicals and biological characteristics. The organic substance in fact, favoring soil structuring, gives a relevant <strong>help to cultivations<\/strong>, allowing the <strong>circulation of air and nutrients<\/strong> in the soil. It has a specific surface, interacts with microelements and minerals, it acts as cationic exchanger (applying to the soil a high C.E.C.) also as Nitrogen reserve.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Organic substance contains <strong>20-70% of Phosphorous of the soil<\/strong>, and over <strong>90% of Sulphur<\/strong> in total; it represents <strong>the source of energy<\/strong> for Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, it helps the <strong>roots\u2019 development<\/strong> (so the nutrients absorption by the plant) and <strong>seeds\u2019 germination<\/strong>. Furthermore, it stimulates <strong>physiological and biochemical processes<\/strong> of the cellular metabolism, <strong>acting as a filter<\/strong> allowing a decrease of toxic effects caused by heavy metals and pesticides.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/f.hubspotusercontent20.net\/hubfs\/2588329\/SostanzaOrganicaC.png\" alt=\"Fertilization of soil\" width=\"300\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width: 300px; float: left; margin: 5px 15px 0px 0px;\">The presence of organic substance grants a <strong>good porosity<\/strong>, as result a better aeration and drainage of the soil, limiting the risk of <span style=\"color: #cc0201; font-weight: bold;\"><u>water stagnation<\/u><\/span>. This effect helps roots\u2019 growth and biomass activity, stimulating also biological cycles of nutrients, whom outline the <span style=\"color: #cc0201; font-weight: bold;\"><u>soil fertility<\/u><\/span>. The <strong>conservation of a good soil structure<\/strong> is also connected to some environmental aspects such as the erosion. The aggregate exfoliation and the consequent runoff due to heavy rains lead to the <strong>loss of the superficial layers<\/strong> of the soil causing soil depletion of nutrients, with ensuing <strong>pollution problems<\/strong> and <strong>eutrophication\/burying<\/strong> of channels and rivers. The organic substance has a strong influence on <strong>soil pH<\/strong>, since it provokes a slight acidification, stimulating the <strong>microbic biomass\u2019 growth<\/strong>, which produces CO<sub>2<\/sub>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Furthermore, various plants\u2019 roots release various organic acids as oxalic acid, citric acid, etc. Organic substance affects <strong>water retention capacity<\/strong>, not only increasing soil porosity and improving its structure, but also because it can retain huge quantity of water. The retained water regulates <strong>the temperature of the soil<\/strong> thanks to its thermal capacity.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Isohumic_K1_and_mineralization_K2_coefficient\"><\/span>Isohumic (K1) and mineralization (K2) coefficient<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The quantity of humus produced by different organic materials (dry or fresh) depends on various factors, and the humus yield is principally linked to the <strong>quality of organic substance<\/strong> available at the starting point. The <strong>ratio between Carbon and Nitrogen<\/strong> (C\/N) contained in buried materials is extremely important as well: it, in fact, affects the humification process and nutrients\u2019 release time. In general, we can assume that a <strong>low C\/N ratio <\/strong>(&lt;10) means a rapid nutrients\u2019 release and a poor level of humification; on the other hand, with a <strong>high ratio<\/strong> (&gt;30) we find the opposite situation. The humus yield of wheat stubble for instance, is different from the one of manure and green manure. The degree of yield of humus is measured with a coefficient, called <strong>isoumic coefficient<\/strong>, expressed with the K1 symbol and applied to the organic substance contained in the starter materials.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the example n.1, it has been calculated the quantity of humus which can be obtained from 10.000 Kilograms medium ripening, with isohumic coefficient (K1) of nearly 0,3. On this basis we can assume that 10.000 kg of manure (S.S = 22% and K1 = 0,3) can give 660 Kg of humus. Each product (crop residues, organic fertilizers, ecc.) has a different isohumic coefficient, which is needed to calculate the relative humus yield (see <em>chart n.1<\/em>).<\/p>\n<table width=\"100%\" style=\"border-color: #99acc2; border-collapse: collapse; table-layout: fixed; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-left: 4.8pt; width: 90%;\" cellpadding=\"4\" border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;\" colspan=\"6\" width=\"100%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: black;\">Chart n.1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: black;\">Characteristics of different organic materials producing humus (Extract from Panero et al)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;\" width=\"38%\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"11%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9px; color: black;\">Dry Substance %<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"11%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9px; color: black;\">Organic Substance %<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9px; color: black;\">C\/N Ratio<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"12%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9px; color: black;\">Isohumic Coefficient K1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"17%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9px; color: black;\">Stable Humus x ton. of product (K1 x S.O.x10)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;\" colspan=\"6\" width=\"100%\">\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">Crop residues&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;\" width=\"38%\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">Wheat stubble<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"11%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">88,91<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"11%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">82,79<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">111<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"12%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">0,15<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"17%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">124,18<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;\" width=\"38%\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">Barley stubble<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"11%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">86,40<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"11%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">81,14<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">87<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"12%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">0,15<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"17%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">121,70<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;\" width=\"38%\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">Corn straws<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"11%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">86,00<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"11%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">80,76<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">81<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"12%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">0,20<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"17%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">161,52<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;\" colspan=\"6\" width=\"100%\">\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">Organic fertilizers<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;\" width=\"38%\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">Medium ripening bovine manure <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"11%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">22,00<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"11%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">16,40<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"12%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">0,30<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"17%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">49,20<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;\" width=\"38%\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">Equine manure<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"11%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">30,00<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"11%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">26,30<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"12%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">0,30<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"17%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">79,00<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;\" width=\"38%\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">Poultry manure<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"11%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">85,80<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"11%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">63,00<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"12%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">0,30<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"17%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">189,00<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;\" colspan=\"6\" width=\"100%\">\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">Green manure and grasslands<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;\" width=\"38%\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">Medical grassland<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"11%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">19,60<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"11%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">17,97<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"12%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">0,25<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"17%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">44,92<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;\" width=\"38%\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">Rye grassland<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"11%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">14,09<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"11%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">12,77<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"12%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">0,20<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"17%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">25,54<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;\" width=\"38%\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">Vetch grassland<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"11%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">13,85<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"11%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">12,75<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"12%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">0,25<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"17%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">31,87<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;\" width=\"38%\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">Stable lawn<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"11%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">17,56<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"11%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">15,76<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"12%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">0,20<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"17%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: black;\">31,50<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Example n.1:<\/em> if we add 10.000 kg\/ha of medium ripening manure, how much will increase the organic substance in the soil?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Medium humidity: 78%<\/li>\n<li>Dry substance: 22%<\/li>\n<li>Organic substance: 10 x 22\/100 = 2200 kg<\/li>\n<li>Conversion manure &gt; humus<\/li>\n<li>Humus or Organic substance: 22*0,3 = 660 Kg<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/f.hubspotusercontent20.net\/hubfs\/2588329\/SostanzaOrganicaD.png\" alt=\"Green manure\" width=\"300\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width: 300px; float: right; margin: 10px 0px 0px 15px;\">In the end, <strong>mineralization coefficient<\/strong> (K2) indicates the quantity of organic substance in the soil which is normally mineralized in one year. This coefficient varies according to <strong>weather and physical-chemical-pedological characteristics <\/strong>and it\u2019s influenced by the soil preparation and its management. It gains <strong>higher values<\/strong> in case of light and oxygenated soils, on the contrary, it gains <strong>lower values <\/strong>in case of clayey or heavy soils. <strong>Mineralization<\/strong> process is low during cold seasons and higher during humid and warm seasons, exalted by the aeration of the soil reached by the soil preparation techniques; in other terms, it depends on the length of the period of soil aeration.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">According to different studies, the medium valor of K2 (indicated in chart n.2) from &lt;1,0% for clayey soils, up to 2,2% for sandy soils.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;\">Chart n.2 &#8211; medium values of K2 applicable to different soils<\/p>\n<div data-hs-responsive-table=\"true\" style=\"overflow-x: auto; max-width: 100%; width: 90%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"4\" style=\"width: 100%; border-color: #99acc2; border-style: solid; border-collapse: collapse; table-layout: fixed;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>Type of soil<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>K2%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Sandy<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">1,8-2,2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Loamy<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">1,0-1,8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">Clayey<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">&lt; 1,0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p> <span style=\"color: red;\">&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"color: red;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Organic substance in the soil<\/strong> represents a <strong>crucial factor<\/strong> to be known and always considered. Organic substance in fact, represents the <strong>biggest Carbon reserve on Earth<\/strong> (which is essential, especially in relation to the increase of CO<sub>2<\/sub> in the atmosphere) as well as a source of hydrogen nutrient for crops. Furthermore, thanks to its most valuable component &#8211; humus &#8211; <strong>it improves the soil structure, it helps the plants\u2019 growth, it fights soil erosion and desertification phenomenon<\/strong>, <strong>withstanding the humidification process<\/strong>. But that\u2019s not all: both level of porosity and <strong>water retention capacity<\/strong> of the soil are influenced by the organic substance.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Forigo Roter Italia<\/strong> supplies specific machinery for soil preparation, for an optimal development of the crop, <strong>without affecting the soil composition<\/strong>, and preserving its organic substance. In <span style=\"color: #cc0201;\"><u>Forigo products catalogue<\/u><\/span> you will find innovative seed drills, stone buriers, bed formers. power harrows and many more, suited for any working condition.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">If you need further info regarding this article\u2019s matter or regarding the range of Forigo solutions, don\u2019t hesitate to <span style=\"color: #cc0201;\"><u>contact us<\/u><\/span>: our team is always at your disposal!<\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><div class='elementor-element elementor-element-4b5588c acenter button-mobile elementor-widget__width-initial has-animated-bg elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-button pulsante-old-articoli' data-id='4b5588c' data-element_type='widget' data-widget_type='wgl-button.default'>\r\n                        <div class='elementor-widget-container'>\r\n                            <a class='wgl-button btn-size-xl ' role='button' href='#form-articolo'>\r\n                                <div class='button__content '>\r\n                                    <span class='button__text'>Contact us!<\/span>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/a>\t\t\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The organic substance in the soil represents the biggest Carbon (C) reserve on Earth. In literature we can see different amounts, whom are estimated on the total quantity of carbon: such values are between 1.000-2.000 billion tons of organic carbon in the soil, in relation to 700-800 billion tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20450,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[408],"tags":[410],"class_list":["post-20449","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-old-articoli"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Soil Organic Substance: why is it so important? - Forigo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The organic substance in the soil is essential for the good development of plants, for many reasons. 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